PETER'S VACATION, PRESENT PERFEC, OTHERWISE & OTHERS

Sorry guys, my computer was on vacation. Not me - him. Peter. Com Peter is his name... But we're back now.
What have I written lately? Of course! About the Present Perfec!!!


Repararam no lately? Claro que sim, está em negrito. Em inglês e em português usamos certas palavras ou expressões para expressar a ideia de um certo período de tempo começando no passado e se estendendo até o presente.
No nosso idioma temos recentemente, ultimamente, ainda, nos últimos anos,
 desde, por (por um certo tempo) etc.
Em inglês: lately, recently, yet, so far, in the past few years, for, since.
Essas e mais: already e just são sempre usadas com o Present Perfec, na língua culta. No popular, principalmente no inglês americano, a tendência é usar com o Simple Past.
Em vez de " My cousin has just arrived" , um americano usaria "My cousin just arrived".


  For Upper Intemediate / Advanced Students:

                                        
   
           OTHERWISE is used to offer an alternative situation. It's very similar to "or " and "or else."
Examples:

                                         

           Today is a holiday; otherwise, he would be at work.


                                       
               In ancient times, it was necessary for a man to learn how to defend himself; otherwise, he was easily killed by other men.  
                              
                                          
          Traffic is really bad right now; otherwise, she'd be at work already.
                        
                           
           
         She makes a good living from her artwork; otherwise, she would have to work on her family's farm.
                                
           Human beings have a responsibility to protect animals that are in danger of becoming extinct. We can not do otherwise.
 
 
                     
 
 
       ON THE OTHER HAND is used to show two sides of an issue. It's similar to "conversely," but it doesn't always describe an opposite situation.
Examples:
- I'd love to own a horse and go riding every day; on the other hand, taking care of the animal is a very big responsibility.
- On one hand, the development of new technology has made our lives easier; on the other hand, it has also resulted in the development of weapons that can kill large numbers of people.

 
       IN ADDITION is similar to and, and also.
Examples:
-  He works as an artist in addition to being an accountant.
-  In addition to being kind of depressive, cemeteries can also be a little scary.  









(Next lesson: Furthermore)

                                            HA!HA!HA!